Publications

2024

Bose A.K., Doležal J., Scherrer D., Altman J., Ziche D., Martínez-Sancho E., Bigler C., Bolte A., Colangelo M., Dorado-Liñán I., Drobyshev I., Etzold S., Fonti P., Gessler A., Kolář T., Koňasová E., Korznikov K.A., Lebourgeois F., Lucas-Borja M.E., Menzel A., Neuwirth B., Nicolas M., Omelko A.M., Pederson N., Petritan A.M., Rigling A., Rybníček M., Scharnweber T., Schröder J., Silla F., Sochová I., Sohar K., Ukhvatkina O.N., Vozmishcheva A.S., Zweifel R. and Camarero J.J. 2024. Revealing legacy effects of extreme droughts on tree growth of oaks across the Northern Hemisphere. Science of the Total Environment 926: 172049. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172049
Idoate-Lacasia J., Stillhard J., Portier J., Brang P., Zimmermann S., Bigler C., Bugmann H. and Hobi M.L. 2024. Long-term biomass dynamics of temperate forests in Europe after cessation of management. Forest Ecology and Management 554:121697. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2024.121697
Meier M., Bugmann H. and Bigler C. 2024. Process-oriented models of leaf senescence are biased towards the mean: impacts on model performance and future projections. Global Change Biology 30: e17099. doi:10.1111/gcb.17099

2023

Charlet de Sauvage J., Bugmann H., Bigler C. and Lévesque M. 2023. Species diversity and competition have minor effects on the growth response of silver fir, European larch and Douglas fir to drought. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 341. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109664
Käber Y., Bigler C., HilleRisLambers J., Hobi M., Nagel T.A., Aakala T., Blaschke M., Brang P., Brzeziecki B., Carrer M., Cateau E., Frank G., Fraver S., Idoate-Lacasia J., Holik J., Kucbel S., Leyman A., Meyer P., Motta R., Samonil P., Seebach L., Stillhard J., Svoboda M., Szwagrzyk J., Vandekerkhove K., Vostarek O., Zlatanov T. and Bugmann H. 2023. Sheltered or suppressed? Tree regeneration in unmanaged European forests. Journal of Ecology 111: 2281-2295. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14181
Marqués L., Hufkens K., Bigler C., Crowther T.W., Zohner C.M. and Stocker B.D. 2023. Acclimation of phenology relieves leaf longevity constraints in deciduous forests. Nature Ecology & Evolution 7: 198-204. doi:10.1038/s41559-022-01946-1
Meier M. and Bigler C. 2023. Process-oriented models of autumn leaf phenology: ways to sound calibration and implications of uncertain projections. Geoscientific Model Development 16: 7171–7201. doi:10.5194/gmd-16-7171-2023

2022

Bose A.K., Rigling A., Gessler A., Hagedorn F., Brunner I., Feichtinger L., Bigler C., Egli S., Etzold S., Gossner M.M., Guidi C., Lévesque M., Meusburger K., Peter M., Saurer M., Scherrer D., Schleppi P., Schönbeck L., Vogel M.E., von Arx G., Wermelinger B., Wohlgemuth T., Zweifel R. and Schaub M. 2022. Lessons learned from a long-term irrigation experiment in a dry Scots pine forest: Impacts on traits and functioning. Ecological Monographs 92. doi:10.1002/ecm.1507
Charlet de Sauvage J., Vitasse Y., Meier M., Delzon S. and Bigler C. 2022. Temperature rather than individual growing period length determines radial growth of sessile oak in the Pyrenees. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 317. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108885
Martin-Benito D., Molina-Valero J.A., Pérez-Cruzado C., Bigler C. and Bugmann H. 2022. Development and long-term dynamics of old-growth beech-fir forests in the Pyrenees: evidence from dendroecology and dynamic vegetation modelling. Forest Ecology and Management 524: doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120541.
Neycken A., Scheggia M., Bigler C. and Lévesque M. 2022. Long-term growth decline precedes sudden crown dieback of European beech. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 324. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109103

2021

Bianchi E., Bugmann H. and Bigler C. 2021. Light availability predicts mortality probability of conifer saplings in Swiss mountain forests better than radial growth and tree size. Forest Ecology and Management 479. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118607
Bianchi E., Bugmann H., Hobi M. and Bigler C. 2021. Spatial patterns of living and dead small trees in subalpine Norway spruce forest reserves in Switzerland. Forest Ecology and Management 494. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119315
Bigler C. and Vitasse Y. 2021. Premature leaf discoloration of European deciduous trees is caused by drought and heat in late spring and cold spells in early fall. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 307. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108492
Bose A.K., Scherrer D., Camarero J.J., Ziche D., Babst F., Bigler C., Bolte A., Dorado-Liñán I., Etzold S., Fonti P., Forrester D.I., Gavinet J., Gazol A., de Andrés E.G., Karger D.N., Lebourgeois F., Lévesque M., Martínez-Sancho E., Menzel A., Neuwirth B., Nicolas M., Sanders T.G.M., Scharnweber T., Schröder J., Zweifel R., Gessler A. and Rigling A. 2021. Climate sensitivity and drought seasonality determine post-drought growth recovery of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur in Europe. Science of the Total Environment 784. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147222
Hereş A.-M., Petritan I.C., Bigler C., Curtu A.L., Petrea S., Petritan A.M., Polanco-Martínez J.M., Rigling A. and Yuste J.C. 2021. Legacies of past forest management determine current responses to severe drought events of conifer species in the Romanian Carpathians. Science of the Total Environment 751. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141851
Käber Y., Meyer P., Stillhard J., De Lombaerde E., Zell J., Stadelmann G., Bugmann H. and Bigler C. 2021. Tree recruitment is determined by stand structure and shade tolerance with uncertain role of climate and water relations. Ecology and Evolution 11:12182-12203. doi:10.1002/ece3.7984
Martínez-Sancho E., Rellstab C., Guillaume F., Bigler C., Fonti P., Wohlgemuth T. and Vitasse Y. 2021. Post-glacial re-colonization and natural selection have shaped growth responses of silver fir across Europe. Science of the Total Environment 779. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146393
Meier M., Vitasse Y., Bugmann H. and Bigler C. 2021. Phenological shifts induced by climate change amplify drought for broad-leaved trees at low elevations in Switzerland. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 307. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108485.
Schmid U., Bigler C., Frehner M. and Bugmann H. 2021. Abiotic and biotic determinants of height growth of Picea abies regeneration in small forest gaps in the Swiss Alps. Forest Ecology and Management 490. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119076

2020

Batllori E., Lloret F., Aakala T., Anderegg W.R.L., Aynekulu E., Bendixsen D.P., Bentouati A., Bigler C., Burk C.J., Camarero J.J., Colangelo M., Coop J.D., Fensham R., Floyd M.L., Galiano L., Ganey J.L., Gonzalez P., Jacobsen A.L., Kane J.M., Kitzberger T., Linares J.C., Marchetti S.B., Matusick G., Michaelian M., Navarro-Cerrillo R.M., Pratt R.B., Redmond M.D., Rigling A., Ripullone F., Sangüesa-Barreda G., Sasal Y., Saura-Mas S., Suarez M.L., Veblen T.T., Vilà-Cabrera A., Vincke C. and Zeeman B. 2020. Forest and woodland replacement patterns following drought-related mortality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117: 29720-29729. doi:10.1073/pnas.2002314117
Brüllhardt M., Rotach P., Bigler C., Nötzli M. and Bugmann H. 2020. Growth and resource allocation of juvenile European beech and sycamore maple along light availability gradients in uneven-aged forests. Forest Ecology and Management 474. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118314
DeSoto L., Cailleret M., Sterck F., Jansen S., Kramer K., Robert E.M.R., Aakala T., Amoroso M.M., Bigler C., Camarero J.J., Čufar K., Gea-Izquierdo G., Gillner S., Haavik L.J., Hereş A.-M., Kane J.M., Kharuk V.I., Kitzberger T., Klein T., Levanič T., Linares J.C., Mäkinen H., Oberhuber W., Papadopoulos A., Rohner B., Sangüesa-Barreda G., Stojanovic D.B., Suarez M.L., Villalba R. and Martínez-Vilalta J. 2020. Low growth resilience to drought is related to future mortality risk in trees. Nature Communications 11. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14300-5
Kattge J., Bönisch G., Díaz S., Lavorel S., Prentice I.C., Leadley P., Tautenhahn S., Werner G., …, Bigler C., … and Wirth C. [729 authors in total] 2020. TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access. Global Change Biology 26: 119-188. doi:10.1111/gcb.14904.
Martin-Benito D., Pederson N., Lanter C., Köse N., Doğan M., Bugmann H. and Bigler C. 2020. Disturbances and climate drive structure, stability, and growth in mixed temperate old-growth rainforests in the Caucasus. Ecosystems 23:1170-1185. doi:10.1007/s10021-019-00462-x

2019

Bianchi E., Bugmann H. and Bigler C. 2019. Early emergence increases survival of tree seedlings in Central European temperate forests despite severe late frost. Ecology and Evolution 9: 8238-8252. doi:10.1002/ece3.5399
Bigler C. and Vitasse Y. 2019. Daily maximum temperatures induce lagged effects on leaf unfolding in temperate woody species across large elevational gradients. Frontiers in Plant Science 10: 398. doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00398
Cailleret M., Dakos V., Jansen S., Robert E.M.R., Aakala T., Amoroso M.M., Antos J.A., Bigler C., Bugmann H., Caccianaga M., Camarero J.-J., Cherubini P., Coyea M.R., Čufar K., Das A.J., Davi H., Gea-Izquierdo G., Gillner S., Haavik L.J., Hartmann H., Hereş A.-M., Hultine K.R., Janda P., Kane J.M., Kharuk V.I., Kitzberger T., Klein T., Levanic T., Linares J.-C., Lombardi F., Mäkinen H., Mészáros I., Metsaranta J.M., Oberhuber W., Papadopoulos A., Petritan A.M., Rohner B., Sangüesa-Barreda G., Smith J.M., Stan A.B., Stojanovic D.B., Suarez M.-L., Svoboda M., Trotsiuk V., Villalba R., Westwood A.R., Wyckoff P.H. and Martínez-Vilalta J. 2019. Early-warning signals of individual tree mortality based on annual radial growth. Frontiers in Plant Science 9. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01964
Churakova (Sidorova) O.V., Lehmann M.M., Siegwolf R.T.W., Saurer M., Fonti M.V., Schmid L., Timofeeva G., Rinne-Garmston K.T. and Bigler C. 2019. Compound-specific carbon isotope patterns in needles of conifer tree species from the Swiss National Park under recent climate change. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 139: 264-272. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.016.
Vanoni M., Cailleret M., Hülsmann L., Bugmann H. and Bigler C. 2019. How do tree mortality models from combined tree-ring and inventory data affect projections of forest succession? Forest Ecology and Management 433: 606-617.
Vitasse Y., Bottero A., Cailleret M., Bigler C., Fonti P., Gessler A., Lévesque M., Rohner B., Weber P., Rigling A. and Wohlgemuth T. 2019. Contrasting resistance and resilience to extreme drought and late spring frost in five major European tree species. Global Change Biology 25: 3781-3792. doi:10.1111/gcb.14803

2018

Bigler C. and Bugmann H. 2018. Climate-induced shifts in leaf unfolding and frost risk of European trees and shrubs. Scientific Reports 8: 9865. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27893-1
Churakova (Sidorova) O.V., Lehmann M.M., Saurer M., Fonti M.V., Siegwolf R.T.W. and Bigler C. 2018. Compound-specific carbon isotopes and concentrations of carbohydrates and organic acids as indicators of tree decline in mountain pine. Forests 9:363.
Jochner M., Bugmann H., Nötzli M. and Bigler C. 2018. Tree growth responses to changing temperatures across space and time: a fine-scale analysis at the treeline in the Swiss Alps. Trees 32: 645-660.
Martin-Benito D., Pederson N., Köse N., Doğan M., Bugmann H., Mosulishvili M. and Bigler C. 2018. Pervasive effects of drought on tree growth across a wide climatic gradient in the temperate forests of the Caucasus. Global Ecology and Biogeography 27: 1314-1325.

2017

Cailleret M., Jansen S., Robert E.M.R., Desoto L., Aakala T., Antos J.A., Beikircher B., Bigler C., Bugmann H., Caccianiga M., Čada V., Camarero J.J., Cherubini P., Cochard H., Coyea M.R., Čufar K., Das A.J., Davi H., Delzon S., Dorman M., Gea-Izquierdo G., Gillner S., Haavik L.J., Hartmann H., Hereş A.-M., Hultine K.R., Janda P., Kane J.M., Kharuk V.I., Kitzberger T., Klein T., Kramer K., Lens F., Levanic T., Linares Calderon J.C., Lloret F., Lobo-Do-Vale R., Lombardi F., López Rodríguez R., Mäkinen H., Mayr S., Mészáros I., Metsaranta J.M., Minunno F., Oberhuber W., Papadopoulos A., Peltoniemi M., Petritan A.M., Rohner B., Sangüesa-Barreda G., Sarris D., Smith J.M., Stan A.B., Sterck F., Stojanović D.B., Suarez M.L., Svoboda M., Tognetti R., Torres-Ruiz J.M., Trotsiuk V., Villalba R., Vodde F., Westwood A.R., Wyckoff P.H., Zafirov N. and Martínez-Vilalta J. 2017. A synthesis of radial growth patterns preceding tree mortality. Global Change Biology 23: 1675-1690.
Gessler A., Bugmann H., Bigler C., Edwards P., della Guistina C., Kueffer C., Roy J. and Resco de Dios V. 2017. Light as a source of information in ecosystems. In “Changing perspectives on daylight: Science, technology, and culture”. Science/AAAS, Washington, DC. Pages 9-15.
Jochner M., Bugmann H., Nötzli M. and Bigler C. 2017. Among-tree variability and feedback effects result in different growth responses to climate change at the upper treeline in the Swiss Alps. Ecology and Evolution 7: 7937-7953.

2016

Bigler C. 2016. Trade-offs between growth rate, tree size and lifespan of mountain pine (Pinus montana) in the Swiss National Park. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0150402. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150402
Cailleret M., Bigler C., Bugmann H., Camarero J.J., Cufar K., Davi H., Mészáros I., Minunno F., Peltoniemi M., Robert E., Suarez M.-L., Tognetti R. and Martinez-Vilalta J. 2016. Towards a common methodology for developing logistic tree mortality models based on ring-width data. Ecological Applications 26: 1827-1841.
Churakova (Sidorova) O. V., Saurer M., Bryukhanova M.V., Siegwolf R.T.W. and Bigler C. 2016. Site-specific water-use strategies of mountain pine and larch to cope with recent climate change. Tree Physiology 36: 942-953.
Etzold S., Wunder J., Braun S., Rohner B., Bigler C., Abegg M. and Rigling A. 2016. Mortalität von Waldbäumen: Ursachen und Trends. Pages 177-196 in Pluess A. R., Augustin S., and Brang P., editors. Wald im Klimawandel. Grundlagen für Adaptationsstrategien. Bundesamt für Umwelt BAFU, Bern; Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, Birmensdorf; Haupt, Bern, Stuttgart, Wien.
Etzold S., Wunder J., Braun S., Rohner B., Bigler C., Abegg M. and Rigling A. 2016. Mortalité des arbres forestiers: causes et tendances. Pages 183–203 in Pluess A. R., Augustin S., and Brang P., editors. Forêts et changements climatiques. Éléments pour des stratégies d’adaptation. Office fédéral de l’environnement OFEV, Berne; Institut fédéral de recherches WSL, Birmensdorf; Haupt, Berne, Stuttgart, Vienne.
Trasobares A., Zingg A., Walthert L. and Bigler C. 2016. A climate-sensitive empirical growth and yield model for forest management planning of even-aged beech stands. European Journal of Forest Research 135: 263-282.
Vanoni M., Bugmann H., Nötzli M. and Bigler C. 2016. Quantifying the effects of drought on abrupt growth decreases of major tree species in Switzerland. Ecology and Evolution 6: 3555-3570.
Vanoni M., Bugmann H., Nötzli M. and Bigler C. 2016. Drought and frost contribute to abrupt growth decreases before tree mortality in nine temperate tree species. Forest Ecology and Management 382: 51-63.

2015

Petritan I.C., Commarmot B., Hobi M.L., Petritan A.M., Bigler C., Abrudan I.V. and Rigling A. 2015. Structural patterns of beech and silver fir suggest stability and resilience of the virgin forest Sinca in the Southern Carpathians, Romania. Forest Ecology and Management 356: 184-195.
Sánchez-Salguero R., Linares J.C., Camarero J.J., Madrigal-González J., Hevia A., Sánchez-Miranda A., Ballesteros-Cánovas J.A., Alfaro-Sánchez R., García-Cervigón A.I., Bigler C. and Rigling A. 2015. Disentangling the effects of competition and climate on individual tree growth: a retrospective and dynamic approach in Scots pine. Forest Ecology and Management 358: 12-25.
Sorg A., Kääb A., Roesch A., Bigler C., and Stoffel M. 2015. Contrasting responses of Central Asian rock glaciers to global warming. Scientific Reports 5: 8228.

2014

Stadelmann G., Bugmann H., Wermelinger B., and Bigler C. 2014. Spatial interactions between storm damage and subsequent infestations by the European spruce bark beetle. Forest Ecology and Management 318: 167-174.
Stadelmann G., Meier F., and Bigler C. 2014. Ursachen und Verlauf von Buchdrucker-Epidemien. Wald und Holz 95(5):25-28.
Stadelmann G., Meier F., and Bigler C. 2014. La dynamique des pullulations du typographe en Suisse. La Forêt 67(7/8): 24-27.

2013

Bigler C. and Rigling A. 2013. Precision and accuracy of tree-ring-based death dates of mountain pines in the Swiss National Park. Trees - Structure and Function 27: 1703-1712.
Rigling A., Bigler C., Eilmann B., Feldmeyer-Christe E., Gimmi U., Ginzler C., Graf U., Mayer P., Vacchiano G., Weber P., Wohlgemuth T., Zweifel R. and Dobbertin M. 2013. Driving factors of a vegetation shift from Scots pine to pubescent oak in dry Alpine forests. Global Change Biology 19: 229-240.
Rohner B., Bugmann H. and Bigler C. 2013. Estimating the age-diameter relationship of oak species in Switzerland using nonlinear mixed-effects models. European Journal of Forest Research 132: 751-764.
Rohner B., Bugmann H. and Bigler C. 2013. Towards non-destructive estimation of tree age. Forest Ecology and Management 304: 286-295.
Rohner B., Bugmann H., Brang P., Wunder J. and Bigler C. 2013. Eichenrückgang in Schweizer Naturwaldreservaten. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Forstwesen 164: 328-336.
Stadelmann G., Bugmann H., Wermelinger B., Meier F. and Bigler C. 2013. A predictive framework to assess spatio-temporal variability of infestations by the European spruce bark beetle. Ecography 36: 1208-1217.
Stadelmann G., Bugmann H., Meier F., Wermelinger B. and Bigler C. 2013. Effects of salvage logging and sanitation felling on bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) infestations. Forest Ecology and Management 305: 273-281.

2012

Bigler C. 2012. Statistische Datenanalyse mit R: Eine Einführung für die Umweltnaturwissenschaften. Departement Umweltsystemwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Zürich. 37 S. [Website; login required]
Elkin C., Reineking B., Bigler C. and Bugmann H. 2012. Do small-grain processes matter for landscape scale questions? Sensitivity of a forest landscape model to the formulation of tree growth rate. Landscape Ecology 27: 697-711.
Rohner B., Bigler C., Wunder J., Brang P. and Bugmann H. 2012. Fifty years of natural succession in Swiss forest reserves: changes in stand structure and mortality rates of oak and beech. Journal of Vegetation Science 23: 892-905.
Rötheli E., Heiri C. and Bigler C. 2012. Effects of growth rates, tree morphology and site conditions on longevity of Norway spruce in the northern Swiss Alps. European Journal of Forest Research 131: 1117-1125.
Van der Burght L., Stoffel M. and Bigler C. 2012. Analysis and modelling of tree succession on a recent rockslide deposit. Plant Ecology 213: 35-46.

2011

Bigler C. and Veblen T.T. 2011. Changes in litter and dead wood loads following tree death beneath subalpine conifer species in northern Colorado. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41: 331-340.
Bugmann H. and Bigler C. 2011. Will the CO2 fertilization effect in forests be offset by reduced tree longevity? Oecologia165: 533-544.
Camarero J.J., Bigler C., Linares J.C. and Gil-Pelegrín E. 2011. Synergistic effects of past historical logging and drought on the decline of Pyrenean silver fir forests. Forest Ecology and Management 262: 759-769.
Wunder J., Reineking B., Hillgarter F.-W., Bigler C. and Bugmann H. 2011. Long-term effects of increment coring on Norway spruce mortality. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41: 2326-2336.

2009

Bigler C. and Veblen T.T. 2009. Increased early growth rates decrease longevities of conifers in subalpine forests. Oikos118: 1130-1138. [Selected in the external pageFaculty of 1000]
Leuzinger S., Bigler C., Wolf A. and Körner C. 2009. Poor methodology for predicting large-scale tree die-off. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) 106:E106.

2008

Wunder J., Reineking B., Bigler C. and Bugmann H. 2008. Predicting tree mortality from growth data: how virtual ecologists can help real ecologists. Journal of Ecology 96(1): 174-187.
Wunder J., Brzeziecki B., Żybura H., Reineking B., Bigler C. and Bugmann H. 2008. Growth-mortality relationships as indicators of life-history strategies: a comparison of nine tree species in unmanaged European forests. Oikos 117: 815-828.

2007

Bigler C., Gavin D.G., Gunning C. and Veblen T.T. 2007. Drought induces lagged tree mortality in a subalpine forest in the Rocky Mountains. Oikos 116(12): 1983–1994.
Bigler C. and Bugmann H. 2007. Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten: ein Leitfaden für die Ausarbeitung von Masterarbeiten. Internal report. ETH Zurich. [Report; login required]
Dobbertin M., Wermelinger B., Bigler C., Bürgi M., Carron M., Forster B., Gimmi U. and Rigling A. 2007. Linking increasing drought stress to Scots pine mortality and bark beetle infestations. TheScientificWorldJOURNAL 7(S1):231-239.
Wunder J., Reineking B., Matter J.-F., Bigler C. and Bugmann H. 2007. Predicting tree death for Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba using permanent plot data. Journal of Vegetation Science 18: 525-534.

2006

Bigler C., Bräker O.U., Bugmann H., Dobbertin M. and Rigling A. 2006. Drought as an inciting mortality factor in Scots pine stands of the Valais, Switzerland. Ecosystems 9: 330-343.
Wunder J., Bigler C., Reineking B., Fahse L. and Bugmann H. 2006. Optimisation of tree mortality models based on growth patterns. Ecological Modelling 197:196-206.

2005

Bigler C., Kulakowski D. and Veblen T.T. 2005. Multiple disturbance interactions and drought influence fire severity in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests. Ecology 86(11):3018-3029.

2004

Bigler C., Gricar J., Bugmann H. and Cufar K. 2004. Growth patterns as indicators of impending tree death in silver fir. Forest Ecology and Management 199(2-3):183-190.
Bigler C. and Bugmann H. 2004. Predicting the time of tree death using dendrochronological data. Ecological Applications 14(3):902-914.
Bigler C. and Bugmann H. 2004. Assessing the performance of theoretical and empirical tree mortality models using tree-ring series of Norway spruce. Ecological Modelling 174(3):225-239.

2003

Bigler C. 2003. Growth-dependent tree mortality: ecological processes and modeling approaches based on tree-ring data. Ph.D. thesis. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich. 131 pp. [Website]
Bigler C. and Bugmann H. 2003. Growth-dependent tree mortality models based on tree-rings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33(2):210-221.